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One of the beliefs leads us to the cult of ancestors, which is prominently featured in Christmas rituals. On "Holy Eve" (Christmas Eve), the evening dinner, consisting, in the Lubensk district, mainly of kuti and uzvar (dried fruit decoction), has a family and, in particular, memorial character: kuti is left for the night for deceased relatives; according to popular belief, vague reflections of small, doll-like people descending to the table can be seen on the wall. The ancient Slavs met the New Year with songs, dances, jokes of the dressed-up people, funny pranks. This cycle of rites received the general name - carols. Caroled in Russia since December 25. They dressed up in leather, put on scary masks, went from house to house, sang songs. It was still dark, on the early New Year's morning, there was a knock on the door or window. The owners already guessed who was knocking and opened the door hospitably. Guests entered the house, scattering bread grains around the house and chanting:
Именно поэтому мы имеем колядников, колядки, кутью и компот и многое другое. В древности верили в то, что будто бы рождается Новое Солнце. И об этом свидетельствует такая колядка, сохранившая еще дохристианские символы: "На Древе светлом, две птички радочку советуют, как нам это мир основать, ныряют на дно, вытащат оттуда камень и основают таким образом Мир". И потому многие ученые поддерживают эту точку зрения, что пели гимны, прославляющие рождение Нового Солнца, рождение Нового Года. Кроме того, в дохристианские времена такие события нуждались в определенном жертвоприношении. В древние времена, когда отошли от человеческих жертвоприношений, необходимо было принести в жертву то, что было ценным в господе. А ценным по тем временам был рогатый скот. И таким образом мы и переходим к обряду "вождения козы". То есть приносили в жертву скот, который затем заменился на выпекание печенья в виде рождественского скота.
After that, such dramas unfolded. My father took kutyu - a symbol of honoring ancestors. And with the kutyu, he could first go to the cattle, the prognostic function - to have healthy cattle, for the future harvest. Then he would go out into the yard, in some regions he would put kutyu into his mouth, and in some - with a spoon of kutyu he would go out into the yard and call Frost. But not "grandfather Frost", that Soviet one, but Frost - as an element that has a completely negative connotation: "Frost, Frost, come to my place to eat, and if you don't go now, then don't go ever: no for rye, no for wheat, not for rich arable land." That is, a kind of countermeasure so that this Frost does not freeze anything. And the children at that time, as if they were afraid of that Frost, hid somewhere under the table, and in general, when they hid under the table, they had to "becat" and "mecat" - to imitate the cattle that should be herded next year.
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