аутгорс гтмл

 

As a rudiment of ancient magical rituals, carols and bounties called on the gods (pagan "Oy Dazhdbozhe!", transformed into "Oh God!") to give the master (or mistress, servant, girl) good health and economic prosperity (which in ancient times was the obverse and reverse of the same medal), associated with a good harvest, favorable conditions for cultivating the land, profits for the lord (especially livestock). By means of artistic similes, epithets, metaphors, the owner, members of his family are glorified and praised, to whom they wish good fortune, health, love, good marriages, etc.

Впоследствии с введением на Руси христианской религии как государственной (так называемое "крещение Руси") обряд колядования был приспособлен к празднованию Рождества Христова. Священники и монахи создали новые религиозные колядки с библейскими образами, которые также приобрели большую популярность в народе. За обработку и восстановление колядок брались выдающиеся композиторы: Николай Лысенко, Станислав Людкевич и т.д. В колядках, по традиции, чествовали всех членов семьи: хозяина, хозяйку, парня, девушку. Колядование сочеталось с соответствующим театрализованным представлением, танцами, музыкой. Колядовали группами, предварительно распределив обязанности: атаман "береза", "звездочет", "михоноша" и "ряженые".

The group of winter calendar songs consists of carols and Christmas songs. These are majestic songs of Ukrainian farmers, related to the Proto-Slavic cult of the Sun. The ancestors of Ukrainians celebrated three phases of the sun - spring equinox, summer and winter solstice. The New Year began for the ancient Slavs from the vernal equinox (as, after all, in other European nations). Only later, the celebration of the beginning of the new year was moved to the time of the winter solstice (somewhere from the 14th century). There is a hypothesis that the very name of the holiday - "carol" - and the songs - "carols" comes from the name of the New Year in Ancient Rome (Calendae lanuarie), which indicates close contacts of Ukrainian-Slavic culture with Greco-Roman in pre-Christian times. In Ukrainian folklore, a peculiar "memory" of the spring New Year's ritual is the spring theme of many carols and Christmas carols. For example, F. Koless believes that the authentic name of the winter majestic songs in Ukrainian territory was actually "carols". Already in the 19th century, significant differences between carols and Christmas carols in terms of subject matter actually disappeared (V. Hnatiuk).