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In addition, in pre-Christian times, such events required a certain sacrifice. In ancient times, when human sacrifices had already been abandoned, it was necessary to sacrifice what was valuable to God. And cattle were valuable at that time. And thus we proceed to the rite of "driving the goat". That is, cattle were sacrificed, which was then replaced by baking cookies in the form of Christmas cattle. Why in ancient times carolers were associated with the afterlife At this time, the border between the worlds becomes so thin that there is a transition between them. It is also connected with honoring the dead. On the one hand, the dead were treated with tremendous respect and honor, as if they welcomed this transition. On the other hand, it is a little scary. We had to somehow protect ourselves from them.

A week after Christmas Eve, on December 31 (January 13), the Generous Evening was celebrated (the day of the Christian saint Reverend Melania). This day was also called Melanka. According to tradition, the celebration was accompanied by going round the houses to wish people happiness, health and well-being in the New Year. They were also generous with theatrical groups: "Melanka" and "Vasyl" and "Ryazheni". If you compare Christmas carols and Christmas carols ("Chedryk, Chedryk, Chedryvochka, a swallow has flown in"), then the swallows, spring, sowing of rye are mentioned in the carols. This indicates that the ancient Slavs celebrated the beginning of the New Year in the spring.

In ancient times, people could not understand how a person takes iron, which is hard, strong, and transforms it into other objects with the help of fire. It was a very sacred image. Therefore, we have surnames associated with the token "blacksmith" most common throughout the world. In Ukrainian - Koval, Kovalenko, Kovalchuk, etc. In Russia - Kuznetsov, in Poland - Kowalski, in Germany - Schmidt, in England - Smith. This is all related to blacksmithing, because it is the most sacred profession on earth. Remember, for example, fairy tales. Where the blacksmith goes to the Snake to reforge the voice, because it is the blacksmith who can reforge.