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По другой легенде, елку ввел в употребление Мартин Лютер, который ходил по лесу на Рождество и увидел как над елкой сияет звезда, которая показалась ему совершенно тождественной той Вифлеемской Заре, и он поставил ту ель у себя дома и украсил ее звездой. Таким образом, якобы елка пришла в Западную Европу. И позже, в XIX веке, ее позаимствовала себе Франция, впоследствии переняла Англия, она стояла даже в Виндзорском Дворце, а впоследствии и переехавшие в Америку немцы-переселенцы принесли и елку. Первоначально, когда появилась елка, ее украшали фруктами, яблоками, например, которые символизируют тот же Первородный Грех Адама и Евы.
"Carols" were baked on Vasiliev's Eve, addressed to the owners of the house, as well as separately to the housewife and her daughter, or the father of the family and his son, etc. The most ancient, pagan carol songs are connected with the theme of the magical growth of nature and living things, the later ones also absorbed religious themes:
The group of winter calendar songs consists of carols and Christmas songs. These are majestic songs of Ukrainian farmers, related to the Proto-Slavic cult of the Sun. The ancestors of Ukrainians celebrated three phases of the sun - spring equinox, summer and winter solstice. The New Year began for the ancient Slavs from the vernal equinox (as, after all, in other European nations). Only later, the celebration of the beginning of the new year was moved to the time of the winter solstice (somewhere from the 14th century). There is a hypothesis that the very name of the holiday - "carol" - and the songs - "carols" comes from the name of the New Year in Ancient Rome (Calendae lanuarie), which indicates close contacts of Ukrainian-Slavic culture with Greco-Roman in pre-Christian times. In Ukrainian folklore, a peculiar "memory" of the spring New Year's ritual is the spring theme of many carols and Christmas carols. For example, F. Koless believes that the authentic name of the winter majestic songs in Ukrainian territory was actually "carols". Already in the 19th century, significant differences between carols and Christmas carols in terms of subject matter actually disappeared (V. Hnatiuk).
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