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As a rudiment of ancient magical rituals, carols and bounties called on the gods (pagan "Oy Dazhdbozhe!", transformed into "Oh God!") to give the master (or mistress, servant, girl) good health and economic prosperity (which in ancient times was the obverse and reverse of the same medal), associated with a good harvest, favorable conditions for cultivating the land, profits for the lord (especially livestock). By means of artistic similes, epithets, metaphors, the owner, members of his family are glorified and praised, to whom they wish good fortune, health, love, good marriages, etc.
В Российской Империи елку ввел Петр I по возвращении из Европы, приказавший поставить елки у богатых дворов и украсить их. А простым людям, хотя бы украсить ворота веточками елки. Со временем, елка перешла к домам, благодаря голландским кондитерам, которые начали продавать уже украшенные елки в своих кондитерских.
From the beginning, these groups were all male, given that this ritual involves contact with death. Accordingly, women did not participate in it. We can already see how children and women carol. In fact, only men could do it. But, considering that this holiday is combined with the sun, the groups could not walk around the village chaotically. They followed the sun, and if it was a mountainous area, for example, the Carpathians, then they walked from below in a circle, climbing and going around each house. If the carolers did not enter a house, it means that a dead person's foot could be there, and this was a bad sign and they were very offended.
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