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Почему колядники переодеваются в зверей, иностранцев и потусторонних существ По представлению древних людей, загробный мир – как бы перевернутый этот мир. И соответственно, представители того мира такие же, как и мы, но немного другие. И соответственно поэтому колядники переодевались по категориям - "чужой", потусторонний. Это мог быть не человек, а животное, так в группах колядников появились звериные образы. Это – могли быть “чужие” по категории – инородный, так у нас появляется, например, “немец”. Это могут быть не люди, а вообще – демонические существа, поэтому колядники обматывали руки соломой, становились на ходуле или наоборот приседали, говорили очень глубокими, низкими голосами, или – наоборот, очень писклявыми.
From the beginning, these groups were all male, given that this ritual involves contact with death. Accordingly, women did not participate in it. We can already see how children and women carol. In fact, only men could do it. But, considering that this holiday is combined with the sun, the groups could not walk around the village chaotically. They followed the sun, and if it was a mountainous area, for example, the Carpathians, then they walked from below in a circle, climbing and going around each house. If the carolers did not enter a house, it means that a dead person's foot could be there, and this was a bad sign and they were very offended.
In addition, in pre-Christian times, such events required a certain sacrifice. In ancient times, when human sacrifices had already been abandoned, it was necessary to sacrifice what was valuable to God. And cattle were valuable at that time. And thus we proceed to the rite of "driving the goat". That is, cattle were sacrificed, which was then replaced by baking cookies in the form of Christmas cattle. Why in ancient times carolers were associated with the afterlife At this time, the border between the worlds becomes so thin that there is a transition between them. It is also connected with honoring the dead. On the one hand, the dead were treated with tremendous respect and honor, as if they welcomed this transition. On the other hand, it is a little scary. We had to somehow protect ourselves from them.
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