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Do not confuse carols (folk songs) with carols (songs of religious (church) content) - dedicated to one of the most important Christian holidays - Christmas. Carols appeared, in which archaic motifs and images were intertwined with biblical ones (birth, life, torment, death and resurrection of Christ). A special place is occupied by church carols of authorial, book origin (Silent Night, Holy Night; New joy has become; and others). According to H. Luzhnytskyi, "with carols, the history of Ukrainian theater enters the phase of the so-called magic of the word. The spirit of primitive man's imagination was mythical and magical, and carols in their genesis are primitive magical formulas, where the conjurer is an actor, because during spell, he plays the role of the future self, or higher power."
Как рудимент древних магических ритуалов, колядки и щедривки призывали богов (языческое "Ой Даждьбоже!", трансформированное в "Ой дай Боже!") дать хозяину (или хозяйке, парню, девушке) доброе здоровье и хозяйственные достатки (в древние времена было аверсом и реверсом одной медали), связанных с хорошим урожаем, благоприятными условиями возделывания земли, доходов в доме (особенно скота). Средством художественных сравнений, эпитетов, метафор превозносится, восхваляется хозяин, члены его семьи, которым желают доброй судьбы, здоровья, любви, добрых браков и т.д.
Why carolers dress up as animals, foreigners and otherworldly creatures According to the idea of ancient people, the other world is, as it were, this world turned upside down. And accordingly, the representatives of that world are the same as us, but a little different. And accordingly, the carolers changed their clothes according to categories - "alien", otherworldly. It could not be a person, but an animal, that's how those animal images appeared in groups of carolers. It could be "strangers" by category - foreigner, that's how we have, for example, "German". These may not be people, but in general – demonic beings, so the carolers wrapped their hands with straw, stood on stilts or, conversely, squatted down, spoke in very deep, low voices, or, on the contrary, very squeaky.
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