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Группу зимних календарных песен составляют колядки и щедривки. Это величественные песни украинских земледельцев, связанные с праславянским культом Солнца. Предки украинцев отмечали три фазы солнца – весеннее равноденствие, летнее и зимнее солнцестояние. Новый год начинался у древних славян от весеннего равноденствия (как, наконец, и у других европейских народов). Лишь впоследствии празднование начала нового года было перенесено на время зимнего солнцестояния (где-то с XIV века).
This led to the appearance of these groups of carolers who dressed up and performed symbolic actions - as if the arrival of these deceased ancestors into our world. The groups of carolers who came to the Lord symbolized those representatives of the afterlife - the souls of the dead who are returning to Earth at this time. And that's why they were expected in every lord, they believed that where the foot of the caroler steps, there the foot of the dead will not step.
Do not confuse carols (folk songs) with carols (songs of religious (church) content) - dedicated to one of the most important Christian holidays - Christmas. Carols appeared, in which archaic motifs and images were intertwined with biblical ones (birth, life, torment, death and resurrection of Christ). A special place is occupied by church carols of authorial, book origin (Silent Night, Holy Night; New joy has become; and others). According to H. Luzhnytskyi, "with carols, the history of Ukrainian theater enters the phase of the so-called magic of the word. The spirit of primitive man's imagination was mythical and magical, and carols in their genesis are primitive magical formulas, where the conjurer is an actor, because during spell, he plays the role of the future self, or higher power."
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