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Елка не была приемлема для Украины в течение довольно долгого времени. Еще с тотемных времен верили, что некоторые животные или растения, деревья имеют генетическую связь с родом. Потому и поклонялись животным и деревьям. А елка и сосна, как вечнозеленые деревья, символизировали бессмертие, и поэтому у нас принято сажать сосну на могилу, потому что она как будто имеет связь с потусторонним миром с одной стороны, а с другой – воскресение – символом бессмертия, символом вечной жизни. "Подняк", как правило, это было плодовое дерево. А у скандинавских народов был дуб.
"Shedryvky" are ritual songs performed on a generous evening, the evening on the eve of the new year. They usually began with the words of greeting: "Generous evening, good evening." In the distant past, this type of song differed from other holiday songs, today it differs in that it is sung in Ukraine and in Ukrainian-speaking villages of the region. At the time when we now celebrate Christmas, once upon a time, even before Christianity, in Ukraine there was a holiday of the winter solstice. It was the time of divination for the coming year; and that is why we still have a whole series of pre-Christian elements in Christmas customs, whose purpose was to call for a good harvest in the following year, wealth and prosperity in the house of the master, lucky catches for the hunter, a wedding for a girl and a happy journey for a young man - a prince's wife or the prince himself. All the natural forces of nature are appeased and called upon not to harm people and livestock.
Themes, melodies, the form of carols and carols, and caroling customs show signs of deep antiquity. It is the walking of a group of carolers with a certain role distribution, and sometimes with instrumental accompaniment, that suggests a similarity with groups of merry buffoons of the princely era. The themes of carols and charity songs are agriculture and the family - its life and well-being (other themes occupy a relatively small place: military-hunting, fantasy-fairy tale, love, biblical motifs). All these songs of majestic content are sung specifically to the master, the mistress, the servant, the girl.
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