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Themes, melodies, the form of carols and carols, and caroling customs show signs of deep antiquity. It is the walking of a group of carolers with a certain role distribution, and sometimes with instrumental accompaniment, that suggests a similarity with groups of merry buffoons of the princely era. The themes of carols and charity songs are agriculture and the family - its life and well-being (other themes occupy a relatively small place: military-hunting, fantasy-fairy tale, love, biblical motifs). All these songs of majestic content are sung specifically to the master, the mistress, the servant, the girl.
Впоследствии с введением на Руси христианской религии как государственной (так называемое "крещение Руси") обряд колядования был приспособлен к празднованию Рождества Христова. Священники и монахи создали новые религиозные колядки с библейскими образами, которые также приобрели большую популярность в народе. За обработку и восстановление колядок брались выдающиеся композиторы: Николай Лысенко, Станислав Людкевич и т.д. В колядках, по традиции, чествовали всех членов семьи: хозяина, хозяйку, парня, девушку. Колядование сочеталось с соответствующим театрализованным представлением, танцами, музыкой. Колядовали группами, предварительно распределив обязанности: атаман "береза", "звездочет", "михоноша" и "ряженые".
One of the beliefs leads us to the cult of ancestors, which is prominently featured in Christmas rituals. On "Holy Eve" (Christmas Eve), the evening dinner, consisting, in the Lubensk district, mainly of kuti and uzvar (dried fruit decoction), has a family and, in particular, memorial character: kuti is left for the night for deceased relatives; according to popular belief, vague reflections of small, doll-like people descending to the table can be seen on the wall. The ancient Slavs met the New Year with songs, dances, jokes of the dressed-up people, funny pranks. This cycle of rites received the general name - carols. Caroled in Russia since December 25. They dressed up in leather, put on scary masks, went from house to house, sang songs. It was still dark, on the early New Year's morning, there was a knock on the door or window. The owners already guessed who was knocking and opened the door hospitably. Guests entered the house, scattering bread grains around the house and chanting:
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