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The group of winter calendar songs consists of carols and Christmas songs. These are majestic songs of Ukrainian farmers, related to the Proto-Slavic cult of the Sun. The ancestors of Ukrainians celebrated three phases of the sun - spring equinox, summer and winter solstice. The New Year began for the ancient Slavs from the vernal equinox (as, after all, in other European nations). Only later, the celebration of the beginning of the new year was moved to the time of the winter solstice (somewhere from the 14th century). There is a hypothesis that the very name of the holiday - "carol" - and the songs - "carols" comes from the name of the New Year in Ancient Rome (Calendae lanuarie), which indicates close contacts of Ukrainian-Slavic culture with Greco-Roman in pre-Christian times. In Ukrainian folklore, a peculiar "memory" of the spring New Year's ritual is the spring theme of many carols and Christmas carols. For example, F. Koless believes that the authentic name of the winter majestic songs in Ukrainian territory was actually "carols". Already in the 19th century, significant differences between carols and Christmas carols in terms of subject matter actually disappeared (V. Hnatiuk).
there were children who did not speak for a long time, so they were given a drink of water from a ritual bell. If there was a girl in the house, she gave each caroler apples and nuts:
В двенадцать священных ночей родился золотоликий Божич - молодое Солнце - Дажбог, серебряный Ясн-Луна и святая Богиня-Мать воды Дана, а значит и все живущее на земле. "Бог-Коляда приходит в мир со светом и добром, победив зло и тьму. В Рождестве солнца Коляды - праздник света Дажбога, великий праздник Жизни, праздник Предков, праздник Счастья и Воли. Все сущее на земле: человек, весь растительный и животный мир почитают бога Коляду, опекуна молодого Божича-Солнца, встречая рождение света Дажбожьего Святым ужином, Святыми мыслями и Святым единством душ.