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Carols and Christmas carols were extremely popular ritual songs among the people. Carols are sung from December 25 to January 7. They were timed to Christmas. And donations - before the New Year (according to the old style - January 14).
Christmas carols are the oldest folklore genre. They preserve the memory of the old tribal era and are associated with the winter turning of the sun into summer, which was called the holiday of Kolyada. It was celebrated on December 25 (old style), when the night was the longest. Nature seemed to freeze at this time. It was believed that the sun was eaten by the evil Korochun - a dark Slavic deity. The goddess of the sky Kolyada was giving birth to a new sun, a little Bozhich.

Через неделю после Коляды 31 декабря (13 января) отмечали Щедрый вечер (день христианской святой преподобной Мелании). Этот день называли Меланки. По традиции празднование сопровождалось обходом домов с пожеланием людям счастья, здоровья и благополучия в Новом Году. Щедровали тоже театрализованными группами: "Меланка" и "Василий" и "Ряженые". Если сравнить колядки и щедривки ("Щедрик, щедрик, щедривочка, прилетела ласточочка"), то в щедривках вспоминают ласточок, весну, сеяние ржи. Это свидетельствует о том, что древние славяне отмечали начало Нового Года весной.

In twelve holy nights, the golden-faced God was born - the young Sun - Dazhbog, the silvery Yasn-Moon and the holy Goddess-Mother of Water Dana, which means that everything lives on earth. "The God Kolyada comes into the world with light and good, defeating evil and darkness. In the Christmas of the sun, Kolyada is a festival of the light of Dazhbog, a great festival of Life, a festival of Ancestors, a festival of Happiness and Freedom. Everything on earth: man, all plant and animal life they honor the god Kolyada, the guardian of the young Bozhich-Sun, meeting the birth of the light of Dazhbozhie with the Holy Supper, Holy Thoughts and the Holy Unity of Souls.