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The group of winter calendar songs consists of carols and Christmas songs. These are majestic songs of Ukrainian farmers, related to the Proto-Slavic cult of the Sun. The ancestors of Ukrainians celebrated three phases of the sun - spring equinox, summer and winter solstice. The New Year began for the ancient Slavs from the vernal equinox (as, after all, in other European nations). Only later, the celebration of the beginning of the new year was moved to the time of the winter solstice (somewhere from the 14th century). There is a hypothesis that the very name of the holiday - "carol" - and the songs - "carols" comes from the name of the New Year in Ancient Rome (Calendae lanuarie), which indicates close contacts of Ukrainian-Slavic culture with Greco-Roman in pre-Christian times. In Ukrainian folklore, a peculiar "memory" of the spring New Year's ritual is the spring theme of many carols and Christmas carols. For example, F. Koless believes that the authentic name of the winter majestic songs in Ukrainian territory was actually "carols". Already in the 19th century, significant differences between carols and Christmas carols in terms of subject matter actually disappeared (V. Hnatiuk).
After they sat down at the table, the father would throw a corner to the ceiling, watching how many grains of wheat would stick to that ceiling. That is, the more wheat sticks, the more abundance there will be. Then, everyone had to eat three spoons of kuti - for the apiary, for the chickens to be born, for the grain to be abundant.
Когда в домах появилась елка Издавна у многих народов мира происходило поклонение деревьям. Особенно у южных славян обязательно Рождество сопровождалось "подняком" - полено, у которого хозяин торжественно, со всеми жертвоприношениями - просил прощения, что должен был срубить это дерево, осыпал зерном этот пенек, обмазывал тестом, и потом приносил в дом, где торжественно его сжигали. Эти моменты и вероятно начали использование позже елки. Так постепенно мы и выходим на сегодняшний ритуал – использование елки.
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