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Do not confuse carols (folk songs) with carols (songs of religious (church) content) - dedicated to one of the most important Christian holidays - Christmas. Carols appeared, in which archaic motifs and images were intertwined with biblical ones (birth, life, torment, death and resurrection of Christ). A special place is occupied by church carols of authorial, book origin (Silent Night, Holy Night; New joy has become; and others). According to H. Luzhnytskyi, "with carols, the history of Ukrainian theater enters the phase of the so-called magic of the word. The spirit of primitive man's imagination was mythical and magical, and carols in their genesis are primitive magical formulas, where the conjurer is an actor, because during spell, he plays the role of the future self, or higher power."

They sing these songs, moving in a carol band from house to house and standing under the window or near the door. After singing and congratulations after it (as a rule, in verse form - the so-called "pokolyad") carolers receive some kind of reward (also a remnant of ancient magical ritual actions). Songs about Malanka and the New Year's show-game "Goat" are separate categories of donations. In some places in Western Ukraine, the so-called rindzivki, performed at the time of the spring equinox, have also survived.

The group of winter calendar songs consists of carols and Christmas songs. These are majestic songs of Ukrainian farmers, related to the Proto-Slavic cult of the Sun. The ancestors of Ukrainians celebrated three phases of the sun - spring equinox, summer and winter solstice. The New Year began for the ancient Slavs from the vernal equinox (as, after all, in other European nations). Only later, the celebration of the beginning of the new year was moved to the time of the winter solstice (somewhere from the 14th century). There is a hypothesis that the very name of the holiday - "carol" - and the songs - "carols" comes from the name of the New Year in Ancient Rome (Calendae lanuarie), which indicates close contacts of Ukrainian-Slavic culture with Greco-Roman in pre-Christian times. In Ukrainian folklore, a peculiar "memory" of the spring New Year's ritual is the spring theme of many carols and Christmas carols. For example, F. Koless believes that the authentic name of the winter majestic songs in Ukrainian territory was actually "carols". Already in the 19th century, significant differences between carols and Christmas carols in terms of subject matter actually disappeared (V. Hnatiuk).